General information about Tajikistan
Tajikistan is the pearl of Central Asia, where the majestic Pamir Mountains blend harmoniously with ancient cities reflecting the rich heritage of the Great Silk Road. From breathtaking natural landscapes to the warm hospitality of the locals, every traveler will find something special here. Immerse yourself in the atmosphere of ancient traditions, discover unique cuisine and enjoy picturesque views of mountain valleys. Tajikistan invites you to an amazing journey where every moment is filled with the magic of discovery and historical meaning.
Location
Tajikistan is a landlocked country in Central Asia. Geographically, it borders four countries and total length of Tajikistan’s state border is around 3,651 kilometers:
— with Uzbekistan — about 1,312 km,
— with Kyrgyzstan — about 984 km,
— with China — about 477 km,
— with Afghanistan — about 1,206 km.
The territory of Tajikistan is predominantly mountainous, with the Pamir Mountains, one of the highest mountain regions in the world. The country is located in a zone of seismic activity and has a continental climate.
Time
All of Tajikistan is in one time zone UTC: +5:00. All cities and regions of Tajikistan have the same time, there is no division into different time zones. Daylight saving time does not apply.
Climate
The climate of Tajikistan is characterized by pronounced continentality and diversity, which is due to the peculiarities of its geographical position and relief. Most of the country’s territory is covered with mountains, including the famous Pamir and Tien-Shan, which significantly affects the climatic conditions.
In general, the climate of Tajikistan can be characterized as continental, dry and sharply contrasting. Cold winters and hot, arid summers are observed here. In the lowlands and valleys, temperatures can reach +35…+40°C in summer and drop to -10…-15°C in winter. In the mountainous areas the climate is much colder: in winter the temperature can drop to -30°C and below, while in summer the weather remains cool.
Precipitation in Tajikistan is relatively low, most of it falling in the fall-winter and spring periods. In arid areas the annual precipitation norm is only 150-300 mm, while in mountainous areas this figure can reach 1,000 mm and more.
The peculiarity of the climate of Tajikistan is also a significant number of sunny days in the year, which favorably affects agriculture, in particular the cultivation of cotton, grapes, fruits and vegetables.
Another characteristic feature is frequent and sharp temperature differences between day and night, especially in the foothills and valleys.
Landscapes
The landscape of Tajikistan is characterized by great diversity and predominance of mountainous forms of relief. About 93% of the country’s territory is occupied by mountains, which makes it one of the most mountainous countries in the world. Majestic mountains, deep valleys, glaciers and fertile plains, which makes the nature of this country unique and diverse
In the north of the country there are spurs of the Tien Shan range, and the central and eastern part of the country is occupied by the mighty mountain systems of Pamir and Gissar-Alai ranges. The Ismoil Somoni Peak (former Communism Peak), the highest point of Tajikistan and the entire post-Soviet space (height 7,495 meters), is located in the Pamir.
Between the mountain ranges there are deep valleys and intermountain basins. The most famous of them are the Vakhsh, Gissar and Fergana valleys. These are some of the largest, most fertile and important agricultural areas of the country and the whole of Central Asia.
Also a significant part of the territory is occupied by gorges, high plateaus, glaciers and fast mountain rivers, among which the Vakhsh River — one of the main water arteries — stands out.
In the southwestern part of the country, there are flat areas, passing into desert and semi-desert landscapes.
Flora and fauna
Tajikistan has a rich and diverse nature due to its complex relief and different climatic zones. The country’s flora and fauna is a unique combination of species characteristic of mountain, steppe and desert ecosystems.
The flora of Tajikistan includes more than 5,000 plant species. In the lowlands and foothills semi-desert and steppe plants prevail: wormwood, saltwort, saxaul. In the valleys, cultivated plants such as cotton, grapes, wheat and fruit trees are grown.
The vegetation changes with increasing altitude. In mountainous areas are common:
— Fruit forests (apricot, walnut, apple, wild pear),
— Juniper forests (various species of juniper),
— Meadows with rich grasses and flowers,
— Alpine and subalpine zones with a carpet of flowers, mosses and lichens.
The animal world of Tajikistan is also very diverse. There are more than 80 species of mammals, 300 species of birds, many reptiles and amphibians.
In the mountains you can meet Snow leopard (irbis) — a rare and protected animal, mountain goats (arkars, Bukhara goats), rock ptarmigans, bearded grouse, golden eagles. Forests and foothills are inhabited by bears, wolves, foxes,hares, porcupines, small rodents. In valleys and steppes one can meet gazelles, marmosets and various snakes and lizards. Aquatic ecosystems are of special importance: rivers are home to various species of trout and sturgeon fish.
Of special importance are rare and endemic plant species and animals, many of which are listed in the Red Book. Tajikistan pays attention to nature protection: reserves and national parks have been established in the country to preserve rare species of flora and fauna.
Population
Tajikistan is a country with a multi-ethnic population, which consists of many ethnic groups and peoples. The population of Tajikistan is about 9.8 million people.
The main part of the population is made up of Tajiks — about 85%. Tajiks are an ethnic group speaking the Tajik language, which is the official language of the country. Tajiks have deep historical and cultural roots in Central Asia, and their culture combines elements of Persian, Arabic and local traditions.
There are also other ethnic groups living in Tajikistan. Uzbeks are about 5% of the population. Uzbeks mainly live in the southern and eastern regions of Tajikistan, and their culture and language share many common features with Tajik culture. Russians — about 1-2% of the population. Russian continues to be used as an interethnic language and is widely used in official affairs, especially in urban areas. Kyrgyz, Turkmens, Azeris and other minorities make up the remaining 7-8%.
Tajikistan has a young population, with a high birth rate and not high life expectancy. The country is experiencing dynamic population growth, which poses challenges for the state in providing education, health care and other social benefits.
Despite the predominance of rural population, Tajikistan has been actively developing urbanization in recent decades. The main city and economic center of the country is Dushanbe, where about 30% of the total population is concentrated. Other major cities — Khujand, Bokhtar, Kulyab and Panjakent — also play an important role in the country’s economy and culture.
Language
Several languages are used in Tajikistan, reflecting the country’s ethnic and cultural diversity.
Many residents of Tajikistan are bilingual or trilingual, fluently using Tajik, Russian and one of the regional languages.
The main and official language of Tajikistan is Tajik. Tajik belongs to the Iranian group of the Indo-European language family and is close to Persian and Dari. Officially, the Tajik language is used in state institutions, education, mass media, literature and everyday life.
Russian language plays an important role in the country and has the status of a language of interethnic communication. It is widely used in cities, in official documents, in business and legal spheres, as well as in education, especially in higher educational institutions. Many residents are fluent in Russian as a second language.
In addition to Tajik and Russian, several other languages are spoken in Tajikistan, depending on the ethnic composition of the population.
Uzbek language is spoken among the Uzbek population, especially in areas adjacent to Uzbekistan.
Kyrgyz language — used in some northern areas where the Kyrgyz live.
In the mountainous regions of the Eastern Pamirs, Pamir languages (Shugnan, Wakhan, Ishkashim, etc.), which belong to the Eastern Iranian group and are considered to be the languages of small peoples, are preserved.
Speakers of Turkmen, Tatar and other languages can also be found in the country.
Religion
Tajikistan’s constitution guarantees freedom of religion. The country is home to a variety of religions and faiths.
The majority of Tajikistan’s population is Sunni Islam. Sunnis make up about 90-95% of believers. Islam plays an important role in the culture, traditions, and daily life of Tajik society. Religious life in the country is traditional, with a strong influence of Islamic customs and rituals.
About 3-5% of the population are Shiite Ismailis, mostly living in the mountainous areas of the Eastern Pamirs (Badakhshan). Ismailism in Tajikistan has ancient historical roots and occupies a special place among the religious traditions of the country.
Orthodox Christianity is mainly represented by Russians, Ukrainians and other natives of the former Soviet Union. The Orthodox Church is subordinate to the Moscow Patriarchate.
Catholicism and Protestant churches are present on a smaller scale, mostly in urban areas.
There are also small communities of Jews, Bahai, Zoroastrians, and followers of other faiths, but their numbers are insignificant.
Political system
Tajikistan is a sovereign state with a republican form of government. According to its Constitution, adopted in 1994, the country is proclaimed a presidential republic.
The head of state is the President of the Republic of Tajikistan, who performs the functions of the head of the executive power and is the supreme commander-in-chief of the Armed Forces. The President is elected by popular vote for a term of seven years.
Legislative power is vested in the Majlisi Oli (Supreme Assembly) of the Republic of Tajikistan, which consists of two chambers:
— Majlisi Namoyandagon (House of Representatives) — the lower chamber elected by direct vote.
— Majlisi Milli (National Chamber) — the upper chamber, some members of which are elected by local authorities and some are appointed by the President.
Executive power is exercised by the Government of the Republic of Tajikistan, headed by the President and the Prime Minister. The Government implements domestic and foreign policy of the country, ensures the implementation of laws and the solution of socio-economic problems.
The judicial system of Tajikistan consists of:
— Constitutional Court,
— Supreme Court,
— Supreme Economic Court,
as well as courts of general jurisdiction and local courts. The judiciary is independent and acts on the basis of the Constitution and laws of the country.
Tajikistan’s political system is aimed at maintaining stability, observing the law and developing the state.
Administrative divisions
Tajikistan has a clearly structured administrative-territorial division. The country is subdivided into several large administrative units, each of which plays an important role in the governance and socio-economic development of the state.
Currently, Tajikistan is divided into 4 major administrative units:
- Gorno-Badakhshan Autonomous Oblast (GBAO). It is located in the east of the country, occupies the mountainous regions of Pamir. It has a special status of autonomy and its own governing bodies. The center of the oblast is the city of Khorog.
- Sughd Province is located in the north of Tajikistan. It includes important industrial and agricultural areas. The administrative center is the city of Khujand.
- Khatlon Province is located in the south of the country. Agriculture, cotton growing and food industry are developed here. The center of the oblast is the city of Bokhtar.
- Districts of Republican Subordination are directly subordinate to the central government. They include a number of cities and districts located around the capital and in the central part of the country. The main city is the capital Dushanbe.
The city of Dushanbe, the capital and largest city of the country, also has a special status and is governed separately and is not part of the oblasts.
Districts, cities, and rural and settlement communities (jamoats) are distinguished within the oblasts and Districts of Republican Subordinations.
Economy
Tajikistan’s economy develops on the basis of the agrarian-industrial complex. The main sectors include agriculture, mining, hydropower and light industry.
Agriculture plays a key role, especially the cultivation of cotton, cereals, fruits and vegetables. Livestock breeding is also developed in the country.
Industry is represented by mining (gold, silver, coal), aluminum production and textile products. Hydropower is of particular importance. Tajikistan possesses large hydroelectric power plants, such as the Nurek and Rogun hydroelectric power plants, which are under construction.
Foreign trade is focused on exports of aluminum, cotton, gold and agricultural products. The main trading partners are Russia, China, Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan.
Remittances from migrant workers and foreign investment make up a significant part of the economy.
The Government of Tajikistan is making efforts to modernize the economy, develop infrastructure and improve the living standards of the population.
Tajikistan is a landlocked country in Central Asia. Geographically, it borders four countries and total length of Tajikistan’s state border is around 3,651 kilometers:
— with Uzbekistan — about 1,312 km,
— with Kyrgyzstan — about 984 km,
— with China — about 477 km,
— with Afghanistan — about 1,206 km.
The territory of Tajikistan is predominantly mountainous, with the Pamir Mountains, one of the highest mountain regions in the world. The country is located in a zone of seismic activity and has a continental climate.
All of Tajikistan is in one time zone UTC: +5:00. All cities and regions of Tajikistan have the same time, there is no division into different time zones. Daylight saving time does not apply.
The climate of Tajikistan is characterized by pronounced continentality and diversity, which is due to the peculiarities of its geographical position and relief. Most of the country’s territory is covered with mountains, including the famous Pamir and Tien-Shan, which significantly affects the climatic conditions.
In general, the climate of Tajikistan can be characterized as continental, dry and sharply contrasting. Cold winters and hot, arid summers are observed here. In the lowlands and valleys, temperatures can reach +35…+40°C in summer and drop to -10…-15°C in winter. In the mountainous areas the climate is much colder: in winter the temperature can drop to -30°C and below, while in summer the weather remains cool.
Precipitation in Tajikistan is relatively low, most of it falling in the fall-winter and spring periods. In arid areas the annual precipitation norm is only 150-300 mm, while in mountainous areas this figure can reach 1,000 mm and more.
The peculiarity of the climate of Tajikistan is also a significant number of sunny days in the year, which favorably affects agriculture, in particular the cultivation of cotton, grapes, fruits and vegetables.
Another characteristic feature is frequent and sharp temperature differences between day and night, especially in the foothills and valleys.
The landscape of Tajikistan is characterized by great diversity and predominance of mountainous forms of relief. About 93% of the country’s territory is occupied by mountains, which makes it one of the most mountainous countries in the world. Majestic mountains, deep valleys, glaciers and fertile plains, which makes the nature of this country unique and diverse
In the north of the country there are spurs of the Tien Shan range, and the central and eastern part of the country is occupied by the mighty mountain systems of Pamir and Gissar-Alai ranges. The Ismoil Somoni Peak (former Communism Peak), the highest point of Tajikistan and the entire post-Soviet space (height 7,495 meters), is located in the Pamir.
Between the mountain ranges there are deep valleys and intermountain basins. The most famous of them are the Vakhsh, Gissar and Fergana valleys. These are some of the largest, most fertile and important agricultural areas of the country and the whole of Central Asia.
Also a significant part of the territory is occupied by gorges, high plateaus, glaciers and fast mountain rivers, among which the Vakhsh River — one of the main water arteries — stands out.
In the southwestern part of the country, there are flat areas, passing into desert and semi-desert landscapes.
Tajikistan has a rich and diverse nature due to its complex relief and different climatic zones. The country’s flora and fauna is a unique combination of species characteristic of mountain, steppe and desert ecosystems.
The flora of Tajikistan includes more than 5,000 plant species. In the lowlands and foothills semi-desert and steppe plants prevail: wormwood, saltwort, saxaul. In the valleys, cultivated plants such as cotton, grapes, wheat and fruit trees are grown.
The vegetation changes with increasing altitude. In mountainous areas are common:
— Fruit forests (apricot, walnut, apple, wild pear),
— Juniper forests (various species of juniper),
— Meadows with rich grasses and flowers,
— Alpine and subalpine zones with a carpet of flowers, mosses and lichens.
The animal world of Tajikistan is also very diverse. There are more than 80 species of mammals, 300 species of birds, many reptiles and amphibians.
In the mountains you can meet Snow leopard (irbis) — a rare and protected animal, mountain goats (arkars, Bukhara goats), rock ptarmigans, bearded grouse, golden eagles. Forests and foothills are inhabited by bears, wolves, foxes,hares, porcupines, small rodents. In valleys and steppes one can meet gazelles, marmosets and various snakes and lizards. Aquatic ecosystems are of special importance: rivers are home to various species of trout and sturgeon fish.
Of special importance are rare and endemic plant species and animals, many of which are listed in the Red Book. Tajikistan pays attention to nature protection: reserves and national parks have been established in the country to preserve rare species of flora and fauna.
Tajikistan is a country with a multi-ethnic population, which consists of many ethnic groups and peoples. The population of Tajikistan is about 9.8 million people.
The main part of the population is made up of Tajiks — about 85%. Tajiks are an ethnic group speaking the Tajik language, which is the official language of the country. Tajiks have deep historical and cultural roots in Central Asia, and their culture combines elements of Persian, Arabic and local traditions.
There are also other ethnic groups living in Tajikistan. Uzbeks are about 5% of the population. Uzbeks mainly live in the southern and eastern regions of Tajikistan, and their culture and language share many common features with Tajik culture. Russians — about 1-2% of the population. Russian continues to be used as an interethnic language and is widely used in official affairs, especially in urban areas. Kyrgyz, Turkmens, Azeris and other minorities make up the remaining 7-8%.
Tajikistan has a young population, with a high birth rate and not high life expectancy. The country is experiencing dynamic population growth, which poses challenges for the state in providing education, health care and other social benefits.
Despite the predominance of rural population, Tajikistan has been actively developing urbanization in recent decades. The main city and economic center of the country is Dushanbe, where about 30% of the total population is concentrated. Other major cities — Khujand, Bokhtar, Kulyab and Panjakent — also play an important role in the country’s economy and culture.
Several languages are used in Tajikistan, reflecting the country’s ethnic and cultural diversity.
Many residents of Tajikistan are bilingual or trilingual, fluently using Tajik, Russian and one of the regional languages.
The main and official language of Tajikistan is Tajik. Tajik belongs to the Iranian group of the Indo-European language family and is close to Persian and Dari. Officially, the Tajik language is used in state institutions, education, mass media, literature and everyday life.
Russian language plays an important role in the country and has the status of a language of interethnic communication. It is widely used in cities, in official documents, in business and legal spheres, as well as in education, especially in higher educational institutions. Many residents are fluent in Russian as a second language.
In addition to Tajik and Russian, several other languages are spoken in Tajikistan, depending on the ethnic composition of the population.
Uzbek language is spoken among the Uzbek population, especially in areas adjacent to Uzbekistan.
Kyrgyz language — used in some northern areas where the Kyrgyz live.
In the mountainous regions of the Eastern Pamirs, Pamir languages (Shugnan, Wakhan, Ishkashim, etc.), which belong to the Eastern Iranian group and are considered to be the languages of small peoples, are preserved.
Speakers of Turkmen, Tatar and other languages can also be found in the country.
Tajikistan’s constitution guarantees freedom of religion. The country is home to a variety of religions and faiths.
The majority of Tajikistan’s population is Sunni Islam. Sunnis make up about 90-95% of believers. Islam plays an important role in the culture, traditions, and daily life of Tajik society. Religious life in the country is traditional, with a strong influence of Islamic customs and rituals.
About 3-5% of the population are Shiite Ismailis, mostly living in the mountainous areas of the Eastern Pamirs (Badakhshan). Ismailism in Tajikistan has ancient historical roots and occupies a special place among the religious traditions of the country.
Orthodox Christianity is mainly represented by Russians, Ukrainians and other natives of the former Soviet Union. The Orthodox Church is subordinate to the Moscow Patriarchate.
Catholicism and Protestant churches are present on a smaller scale, mostly in urban areas.
There are also small communities of Jews, Bahai, Zoroastrians, and followers of other faiths, but their numbers are insignificant.
Tajikistan is a sovereign state with a republican form of government. According to its Constitution, adopted in 1994, the country is proclaimed a presidential republic.
The head of state is the President of the Republic of Tajikistan, who performs the functions of the head of the executive power and is the supreme commander-in-chief of the Armed Forces. The President is elected by popular vote for a term of seven years.
Legislative power is vested in the Majlisi Oli (Supreme Assembly) of the Republic of Tajikistan, which consists of two chambers:
— Majlisi Namoyandagon (House of Representatives) — the lower chamber elected by direct vote.
— Majlisi Milli (National Chamber) — the upper chamber, some members of which are elected by local authorities and some are appointed by the President.
Executive power is exercised by the Government of the Republic of Tajikistan, headed by the President and the Prime Minister. The Government implements domestic and foreign policy of the country, ensures the implementation of laws and the solution of socio-economic problems.
The judicial system of Tajikistan consists of:
— Constitutional Court,
— Supreme Court,
— Supreme Economic Court,
as well as courts of general jurisdiction and local courts. The judiciary is independent and acts on the basis of the Constitution and laws of the country.
Tajikistan’s political system is aimed at maintaining stability, observing the law and developing the state.
Tajikistan has a clearly structured administrative-territorial division. The country is subdivided into several large administrative units, each of which plays an important role in the governance and socio-economic development of the state.
Currently, Tajikistan is divided into 4 major administrative units:
- Gorno-Badakhshan Autonomous Oblast (GBAO). It is located in the east of the country, occupies the mountainous regions of Pamir. It has a special status of autonomy and its own governing bodies. The center of the oblast is the city of Khorog.
- Sughd Province is located in the north of Tajikistan. It includes important industrial and agricultural areas. The administrative center is the city of Khujand.
- Khatlon Province is located in the south of the country. Agriculture, cotton growing and food industry are developed here. The center of the oblast is the city of Bokhtar.
- Districts of Republican Subordination are directly subordinate to the central government. They include a number of cities and districts located around the capital and in the central part of the country. The main city is the capital Dushanbe.
The city of Dushanbe, the capital and largest city of the country, also has a special status and is governed separately and is not part of the oblasts.
Districts, cities, and rural and settlement communities (jamoats) are distinguished within the oblasts and Districts of Republican Subordinations.
Tajikistan’s economy develops on the basis of the agrarian-industrial complex. The main sectors include agriculture, mining, hydropower and light industry.
Agriculture plays a key role, especially the cultivation of cotton, cereals, fruits and vegetables. Livestock breeding is also developed in the country.
Industry is represented by mining (gold, silver, coal), aluminum production and textile products. Hydropower is of particular importance. Tajikistan possesses large hydroelectric power plants, such as the Nurek and Rogun hydroelectric power plants, which are under construction.
Foreign trade is focused on exports of aluminum, cotton, gold and agricultural products. The main trading partners are Russia, China, Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan.
Remittances from migrant workers and foreign investment make up a significant part of the economy.
The Government of Tajikistan is making efforts to modernize the economy, develop infrastructure and improve the living standards of the population.
Travel information
Shopping
Shopping in Tajikistan offers a mix of traditional markets and modern stores, reflecting the country’s rich culture and growing economy.
One of the best ways to experience local life is by visiting bazaars (markets). The most famous is the Green Bazaar (Zeliony Bazaar) in Dushanbe, where visitors can buy fresh fruits, vegetables, nuts, spices, dried fruits, and local sweets. Traditional handicrafts like Suzani embroidered fabrics, traditional wool carpets, pottery and ceramics, handcrafted knifes, silver jewelry, miniature hand-carved wooden items, local honey and tea are also popular here.
In major cities like Dushanbe and Khujand, there are modern shopping centers and supermarkets where you can find clothing, electronics, and imported goods. Examples include Auchan, Yvar, and local malls.
In Tajikistan, the working hours of stores or pharmacies are very convenient. Most grocery stores and supermarkets are open daily from 8:00-9:00 to 21:00-22:00 without weekends or lunch breaks. Some small, privately owned stores may close earlier, especially in smaller communities.
Most pharmacies are open from 8:00 am to 20:00 pm or 21:00 pm. In larger cities you can find pharmacies with 24/7 opening hours. In rural areas, pharmacies may have limited opening hours, usually until 18:00-19:00.
Money
The official currency of Tajikistan is the somoni (TJS). It was put into circulation in 2000, replacing the Tajik ruble. One somoni consists of 100 dirams. In circulation are banknotes of denominations of 1, 5, 10, 20, 20, 50, 100, 200 and 500 somoni. Coins in dirams and small denominations of somoni are also used.
Foreign currency can be exchanged in banks, official exchange offices and some hotels. The main currencies exchanged are the US dollar, the euro and the Russian ruble. It is important to remember that currency exchange is only carried out in licensed points, and presenting a passport is often mandatory.
International bank cards — Visa, MasterCard — are accepted in major cities like Dushanbe. ATMs are available in the capital and major cities, but in remote areas it is better to carry cash. Cashless payment systems and mobile payments are gradually developing, but in many bazaars and small stores it is preferable to pay in cash.
Public transport
Public transportation in Tajikistan is an affordable and commonly used way to travel within cities and between regions. In larger cities, there are public buses and trolleybuses. In Dushanbe, trolleybuses run on electric lines, offering a cheaper but slower option. Buses cover various city routes and are reliable during the day.
Marshrutkas are the most popular form of public transport in cities like Dushanbe and Khujand. They operate on fixed routes and are inexpensive and frequent. Payment is made directly to the driver, usually in cash.
Taxis are widely available and relatively inexpensive compared to other countries. There are both official taxi services and informal drivers. It’s common to negotiate the fare before the ride unless you’re using a taxi app. Recently, taxi apps and ride-hailing services like Yandex Go and Maxim have become more common in major cities, offering a convenient alternative to street taxis.
For travel between cities and towns, shared taxis are a popular choice. They leave once full and are faster than buses for intercity routes.
Buses and coaches connect major cities like Dushanbe, Khujand, and Kulyab. However, for long distances, shared taxis are often preferred due to better speed and comfort.
Photography
Tajikistan is a country with amazing nature, ancient cities and hospitable people, so your hand reaches for the camera. But there are a few things that are important to remember to avoid embarrassing situations.
Feel free to take photos of mountains, rivers, lakes and landscapes of Pamir, bazaars, streets, city life, concerts and festivals, architecture and historical places, mosques, monuments, ancient buildings — no one will forbid you to capture this beauty! Museums sometimes ask you to buy a separate ticket to take pictures. People are usually friendly, but if you want to take a portrait, it is always advisable to ask before taking a photo.
Public institutions and strategic sites — government buildings, police stations, airports (especially inside), some bridges are not allowed or undesirable to photograph. Photography is strictly prohibited near military installations, barracks, posts and borders.
How to get here
You can reach Bishkek directly by the following airlines:
Please note that timetable due to COVID-19 is subject to change and contact airlines for valid schedule.
Conditions of residence
Tajikistan has a visa-free regime for 76 countries:
Argentina
Australia
Austria
Bahrain
Belgium
Brunei Dorusalam
Canada
Chile
Croatia
Cuba
Czech Republic
Denmark
Dominican Republic
Ecuador
Estonia
Finland
France
Germany
Greece
Hungary
Iceland
Indonesia
Italy
Jamaica
Japan
Jordan
Kuwait
Latvia
Liechtenstein
Lithuania
Luxembourg
Malaysia
Maldives
Monaco
Netherlands
New Zealand
Norway
Philippines
Poland
Portugal
Qatar
Saudi Arabia
Singapore
South Korea
Spain
Sri Lanka
Sweden
Switzerland
Thailand
United Arab Emirates
USA
Principality of Andorra
Bahamas
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Federative Republic of Brazil
Republic of Bulgaria
Republic of Costa Rica
Republic of Cyprus
Ireland
Republic of Malta
Republic of the Marshall Islands
United States of Mexico
Mongolia
Montenegro
Sultanate of Oman
Romania
Federation of Saint Kitts and Nevis
Saint Lucia
Republic of San Marino
Republic of Serbia
The Slovak Republic
Republic of Slovenia
Solomon islands
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
Vatican
State of Palestine (for diplomatic and service/special passports).
In accordance with the new government decision, a list of 16 foreign countries was approved, whose citizens over 55 years of age can now take advantage of a unilateral visa-free regime to enter the Republic of Tajikistan. This regime allows you to stay in and leave the country without a visa for up to 14 days:
Republic of Albania
Algerian People’s Democratic Republic
Barbados
Republic of Vanuatu
People’s Republic of China
Commonwealth of Dominica
Republic of Fiji
Lao People’s Democratic Republic
Lebanese Republic
Republic of Madagascar
Kingdom of Morocco
Republic of North Macedonia
Republic of Nicaragua
Republic of Panama
Tunisian Republic
Socialist Republic of Vietnam
Overseas diplomatic missions of the Kyrgyz Republic
Afghanistan-Fayzabad-Consulate
Afghanistan-Mazar-e Sharif-Consulate
Austria-Vienna-Embassy
Azerbaijan-Baku-Embassy
Belarus-Minsk-Embassy
Belgium-Brussels-Embassy
China-Beijing-Embassy
Egypt-Cairo-Embassy
France-Paris-Embassy
India-New Delhi-Embassy
Iran-Tehran-Embassy
Iran-Mashhad-Consulate-General
Japan-Tokyo-Embassy
Kazakhstan-Astana-Embassy
Kazakhstan-Almaty-Consulate-General
Kuwait-Kuwait City-Embassy
Kyrgyzstan-Bishkek-Embassy
Malaysia-Kuala Lumpur-Embassy
Qatar-Doha-Embassy
Russia-Moscow-Embassy
Russia-Saint Petersburg-Consulate-General
Russia-Novosibirsk-Consulate-General
Russia-Ufa-Consulate-General
Russia-Yekaterinburg-Consulate-General
Saudi Arabia-Riyadh-Embassy
South Korea-Seoul-Embassy
Switzerland-Geneva-Embassy
Turkey-Istanbul-Consulate-General
Turkmenistan-Ashgabat-Embassy
UAE-Abu Dhabi-Embassy
Ukraine-Kyiv-Embassy
United Kingdom-London-Embassy
USA-Washington, D.C.-Embassy
Uzbekistan-Tashkent-Embassy
Customs and airport taxes
Travelers arriving in Tajikistan must fill out a customs declaration if carrying large amounts of cash, valuable items, or goods for commercial use. Personal belongings, reasonable amounts of currency (up to $10,000 USD), and items for personal use usually pass without issues.
Import of weapons, drugs, and certain cultural artifacts without permission is strictly prohibited.
There are no airport departure taxes in Tajikistan — the fee is typically included in the price of your airline ticket.
For specific customs regulations, travelers are advised to check with the State Customs Service of Tajikistan before traveling.
Shopping in Tajikistan offers a mix of traditional markets and modern stores, reflecting the country’s rich culture and growing economy.
One of the best ways to experience local life is by visiting bazaars (markets). The most famous is the Green Bazaar (Zeliony Bazaar) in Dushanbe, where visitors can buy fresh fruits, vegetables, nuts, spices, dried fruits, and local sweets. Traditional handicrafts like Suzani embroidered fabrics, traditional wool carpets, pottery and ceramics, handcrafted knifes, silver jewelry, miniature hand-carved wooden items, local honey and tea are also popular here.
In major cities like Dushanbe and Khujand, there are modern shopping centers and supermarkets where you can find clothing, electronics, and imported goods. Examples include Auchan, Yvar, and local malls.
In Tajikistan, the working hours of stores or pharmacies are very convenient. Most grocery stores and supermarkets are open daily from 8:00-9:00 to 21:00-22:00 without weekends or lunch breaks. Some small, privately owned stores may close earlier, especially in smaller communities.
Most pharmacies are open from 8:00 am to 20:00 pm or 21:00 pm. In larger cities you can find pharmacies with 24/7 opening hours. In rural areas, pharmacies may have limited opening hours, usually until 18:00-19:00.
The official currency of Tajikistan is the somoni (TJS). It was put into circulation in 2000, replacing the Tajik ruble. One somoni consists of 100 dirams. In circulation are banknotes of denominations of 1, 5, 10, 20, 20, 50, 100, 200 and 500 somoni. Coins in dirams and small denominations of somoni are also used.
Foreign currency can be exchanged in banks, official exchange offices and some hotels. The main currencies exchanged are the US dollar, the euro and the Russian ruble. It is important to remember that currency exchange is only carried out in licensed points, and presenting a passport is often mandatory.
International bank cards — Visa, MasterCard — are accepted in major cities like Dushanbe. ATMs are available in the capital and major cities, but in remote areas it is better to carry cash. Cashless payment systems and mobile payments are gradually developing, but in many bazaars and small stores it is preferable to pay in cash.
Public transportation in Tajikistan is an affordable and commonly used way to travel within cities and between regions. In larger cities, there are public buses and trolleybuses. In Dushanbe, trolleybuses run on electric lines, offering a cheaper but slower option. Buses cover various city routes and are reliable during the day.
Marshrutkas are the most popular form of public transport in cities like Dushanbe and Khujand. They operate on fixed routes and are inexpensive and frequent. Payment is made directly to the driver, usually in cash.
Taxis are widely available and relatively inexpensive compared to other countries. There are both official taxi services and informal drivers. It’s common to negotiate the fare before the ride unless you’re using a taxi app. Recently, taxi apps and ride-hailing services like Yandex Go and Maxim have become more common in major cities, offering a convenient alternative to street taxis.
For travel between cities and towns, shared taxis are a popular choice. They leave once full and are faster than buses for intercity routes.
Buses and coaches connect major cities like Dushanbe, Khujand, and Kulyab. However, for long distances, shared taxis are often preferred due to better speed and comfort.
Tajikistan is a country with amazing nature, ancient cities and hospitable people, so your hand reaches for the camera. But there are a few things that are important to remember to avoid embarrassing situations.
Feel free to take photos of mountains, rivers, lakes and landscapes of Pamir, bazaars, streets, city life, concerts and festivals, architecture and historical places, mosques, monuments, ancient buildings — no one will forbid you to capture this beauty! Museums sometimes ask you to buy a separate ticket to take pictures. People are usually friendly, but if you want to take a portrait, it is always advisable to ask before taking a photo.
Public institutions and strategic sites — government buildings, police stations, airports (especially inside), some bridges are not allowed or undesirable to photograph. Photography is strictly prohibited near military installations, barracks, posts and borders.
You can reach Bishkek directly by the following airlines:
Please note that timetable due to COVID-19 is subject to change and contact airlines for valid schedule.
Tajikistan has a visa-free regime for 76 countries:
Argentina
Australia
Austria
Bahrain
Belgium
Brunei Dorusalam
Canada
Chile
Croatia
Cuba
Czech Republic
Denmark
Dominican Republic
Ecuador
Estonia
Finland
France
Germany
Greece
Hungary
Iceland
Indonesia
Italy
Jamaica
Japan
Jordan
Kuwait
Latvia
Liechtenstein
Lithuania
Luxembourg
Malaysia
Maldives
Monaco
Netherlands
New Zealand
Norway
Philippines
Poland
Portugal
Qatar
Saudi Arabia
Singapore
South Korea
Spain
Sri Lanka
Sweden
Switzerland
Thailand
United Arab Emirates
USA
Principality of Andorra
Bahamas
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Federative Republic of Brazil
Republic of Bulgaria
Republic of Costa Rica
Republic of Cyprus
Ireland
Republic of Malta
Republic of the Marshall Islands
United States of Mexico
Mongolia
Montenegro
Sultanate of Oman
Romania
Federation of Saint Kitts and Nevis
Saint Lucia
Republic of San Marino
Republic of Serbia
The Slovak Republic
Republic of Slovenia
Solomon islands
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
Vatican
State of Palestine (for diplomatic and service/special passports).
In accordance with the new government decision, a list of 16 foreign countries was approved, whose citizens over 55 years of age can now take advantage of a unilateral visa-free regime to enter the Republic of Tajikistan. This regime allows you to stay in and leave the country without a visa for up to 14 days:
Republic of Albania
Algerian People’s Democratic Republic
Barbados
Republic of Vanuatu
People’s Republic of China
Commonwealth of Dominica
Republic of Fiji
Lao People’s Democratic Republic
Lebanese Republic
Republic of Madagascar
Kingdom of Morocco
Republic of North Macedonia
Republic of Nicaragua
Republic of Panama
Tunisian Republic
Socialist Republic of Vietnam
Afghanistan-Fayzabad-Consulate
Afghanistan-Mazar-e Sharif-Consulate
Austria-Vienna-Embassy
Azerbaijan-Baku-Embassy
Belarus-Minsk-Embassy
Belgium-Brussels-Embassy
China-Beijing-Embassy
Egypt-Cairo-Embassy
France-Paris-Embassy
India-New Delhi-Embassy
Iran-Tehran-Embassy
Iran-Mashhad-Consulate-General
Japan-Tokyo-Embassy
Kazakhstan-Astana-Embassy
Kazakhstan-Almaty-Consulate-General
Kuwait-Kuwait City-Embassy
Kyrgyzstan-Bishkek-Embassy
Malaysia-Kuala Lumpur-Embassy
Qatar-Doha-Embassy
Russia-Moscow-Embassy
Russia-Saint Petersburg-Consulate-General
Russia-Novosibirsk-Consulate-General
Russia-Ufa-Consulate-General
Russia-Yekaterinburg-Consulate-General
Saudi Arabia-Riyadh-Embassy
South Korea-Seoul-Embassy
Switzerland-Geneva-Embassy
Turkey-Istanbul-Consulate-General
Turkmenistan-Ashgabat-Embassy
UAE-Abu Dhabi-Embassy
Ukraine-Kyiv-Embassy
United Kingdom-London-Embassy
USA-Washington, D.C.-Embassy
Uzbekistan-Tashkent-Embassy
Travelers arriving in Tajikistan must fill out a customs declaration if carrying large amounts of cash, valuable items, or goods for commercial use. Personal belongings, reasonable amounts of currency (up to $10,000 USD), and items for personal use usually pass without issues.
Import of weapons, drugs, and certain cultural artifacts without permission is strictly prohibited.
There are no airport departure taxes in Tajikistan — the fee is typically included in the price of your airline ticket.
For specific customs regulations, travelers are advised to check with the State Customs Service of Tajikistan before traveling.
Cultural events
Honey and Melon Festival
Festival celebrating local honey and melon harvests.
Mehregan Festival
Traditional harvest festival with ancient origins.
Phrase-book
English - Russian - Kyrgyz
| Greetings | Privetstvovanie | Salam-dashuu |
| Good morning | Dobroe utra | Salamatsyzby |
| Good afternoon | Dobriy den | Salamatsyzby |
| Good evening | Dobriy vecher | Salamatsyzby |
| How do you do? | Kak dela? | Ishiniz kandai? |
| How are you? | Kak pojivaete? | Kandai turasyz? |
| Thank you,... | Spasiba,… | Yrakmat,… |
| ...fine | ...harasho | ...jakshy |
| ...not bad | ...ne ploha | ..jaman emes |
| ...so-so | ...tak sebe | ...eptep-septep |
| ...bad | ...ploho | ...jaman |
| GETTING ACQUAINTED | ZNAKOMSTVO | TAANYSHUU |
| What is your name? | Kak vas zavut? | Atyngyz kim ? |
| My name is… | Menya zavut… | Menin atym… |
| Where are you from? | Vy s kakoy strany preyehali? | Siz kaysy mumleketten keldiniz? |
| I am(we are) from… | Ya(my) priyehal (priyehaly) s… | Men(biz)…keldim(keldik). |
| I am very glad. | Ya ochen rad. | Abdan kubanychtumun. |
| Sit down please | Sadites pajalusta. | Oturunguz. |
| Thank you. | Spasiba. | Yrakmat. |
| Excuse me, please. | Izvenite pajalusta. | Kechirip koyunguz. |
| I am sorry. | Mne ochen jal. | Okunushtumun. |
| FAREWELLS | PROSHANIYE | KOSHTOSHUU |
| Good bye. | Dosvidaniya | Kosh bol |
| See you | Uvidimsya | Dagy korushobuz |
| Good luck | Udachi | Ak jol |
| IN THE CITY | V GORODE | SHAARDA |
| How do I get to the…? | Kak mne praiti k…? | …kantip barsa bolot? |
| ...Square | ...ploshadi | Ayantka... |
| ...Center | ...tzentru | Tzentrga... |
| ...Theatre | ..teatru | Teatrga... |
| ...Museum | ...museyu | Museige... |
| ...bus station | ...avtovokzalu | Avtovokzalga... |
| ...hotel | ...gastinitze | Meymankanaga... |
| I have lost my way. | Ya zabludilsya. | Men adashyp kaldym. |
| Where is the taxi stand? | Gde stayanka taksi? | Taksi toktochu jai kaida? |
| AT THE HOTEL | V GASTINITSAE | MEYMANKANADA |
| Where is the nearest hotel? | Gde zdes blijaishaya gastinitza? | En jakyn meymankana kaisy jerde? |
| I need a hotel not far from the center. | Mnye nujna gastinitza nedaleko ot zentra. | Maga centerge jakyn meymankana gerek. |
| My last name is… | Maya familiya… | Menin familiyam… |
| Here is my passport. | Vot moi pasport. | Myna menin pasportum. |
| I need a room for… | Mne nujen…nomer. | Maga…nomer kerek. |
| ...one person | ...odnamestnyi... | ...bir kishilik... |
| ...two people | ...dvoomestnyi... | ...eki kishilik... |
| What’s the price per night? | Skolka stoyit nomer v sutki? | Nomerdin bir sutkalyk baasy kancha turat? |
| What is my room number? | Kakoy nomer? | Kaisy nomer? |
| Is there a…in the hotel? | V gastinitze yest…? | Meymankanada…barby? |
| ...restaurant... | ...restarant | ...restaran... |
| ...post office... | ...pochta | ...pochta... |
| ...telephone... | ...telefon | ...telephone... |
| ...newspaper stand... | ...gazetniy kiosk | ...gazeta kiosku... |
| ...safe... | ...kamera hraneniya | ...kamera hraneniya... |
| IN THE RESTAURANT | V RESTORANE | RESTORANDA |
| Where is there a…? | Gde nahoditsya…? | Kaise jerde…? |
| restaurant | restorant | restoran |
| cafe | cafe | cafe |
| snack bar | zakusochnaya | tez tamak jeri |
| Menu, please. | Daite menu pajalusta. | Menunu berip koyunguzchu. |
| What national dishes do you have? | Kakie natzyalnye bluda u vas yest? | Sizde uluttuk kandai tamaktar bar? |
| What do you have to drink? | Shto uvas yest popit? | Ichkenge emne bar? |
| Bon appetite. | Priyatnogo apetita. | Tamagynyz tattuu bolsun. |
| Give me the bill please. | Daite shot pojaluista. | Shottu berip koyunguzchu. |
| NUMBERS | NOMER | NOMER |
| One | Adin | Bir |
| Two | Dva | Eki |
| Three | Tri | Uuch |
| Four | Chetyri | Turt |
| Five | Pyat | Besh |
| Six | Shest | Alty |
| Seven | Sem | Jeti |
| Eight | Vosim | Segiz |
| Nine | Devyat | Toguz |
| Ten | Desyat | Oon |
| Eleven | Adinazit | Oon Bir |
| Twelve | Dvenazit | Oon Eki |
| Twenty | Dvatzit | Jyirma |
| Thirty | Trizat | Ootuz |
| Forty | Sorok | Kyrk |
| Fifty | Pyadisyat | Eluu |
| Sixty | Shestdisyat | Altymysh |
| Seventy | Semdisyat | Jetimish |
| Eighty | Vosimdisyat | Seksen |
| Ninety | Devyanosta | Tokson |
| One Hundred | Sto | Juz |
| Two hundred | Dvesti | Eki Juz |
| One thousand | Tisyacha | Ming |
